Protoype is an excellent javascript framework that provides an easy way to make ajax calls.

Here is the sample code of how to make the call:

//first I am passing a variable that I call id, this would be the row id for the database table being used, for example: if I'm updating the record with the id of 4, I would call: javascript:dosomethingAjax('4');
//the id is passed to the file dosome.php that will handle whatever it is you are trying to do
//if you want to pass more variables through the ajax call you would use commas to separate them, for example: parameters: {u: id, name: 'John', age: 24}

function dosomethingAjax(id) {
var myAjax = new Ajax.Request('dosome.php',
{method: 'get', parameters: {u: id},
onComplete: handleResponse});
}
//once dosome.php gets processed, the ajax call is complete and the following function is called, in this case, I am putting the results inside a div with the id of displayResults
function handleResponse(transport) {
document.getElementById('displayResults').innerHTML = transport.responseText;
}

//here is how to setup the dosome.php

<?php
//the variable u is being passed by the ajax call listed above
$id = $_GET['u'];
//do something like update or insert or select
echo "Success!";
?>

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function ajax_get(ctnid) { 
        if (ua.indexOf('msie') != -1) { 
                ajax_get_request = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); 
        } else { 
                ajax_get_request = new XMLHttpRequest(); 
        } 
        ajax_get_request.onreadystatechange = function ajax_get_xml() { 
                if (ajax_get_request.readyState == 4) { 
                        if (ajax_get_request.status == 200) { 
                                var number_of_items = ajax_get_request.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("item").length; 
                                var item_id = ajax_get_request.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("id"); 
                                if (number_of_ajax > 0) {                                       
                                        for (var i=0; i < number_of_items; i++) { 
                                                // do something 
                                        }                                                       
                                } else { 
                                        // do something 
                                }                                               
                        } else { 
                                alert("There was an error while retrieving the URL: " + ajax_get_request.statusText); 
                        } 
                } 
                return true;                                    
        } 
        ajax_get_request.open("POST", "/path/to/your/php/script", true); 
        ajax_get_request.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded'); 
        //ctnid is a variable that is being passed    
        ajax_get_request.send("ctnid="+ctnid);                          
} 


Your php script would need to return a valid XML document.  In the example, something like: 


<items> 
   <item> 
      <id>1</id> 
   </item> 
   <item> 
      <id>2</id> 
   </item> 
</items> 

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